Engagement in an entrepreneurial School garden project: impact of gardening on students’ environmental attitudes

Abstract

This study explores the impact of the “Entrepreneurial School Garden Program” on students’ environmental attitudes, using a mixed methods research approach. This program integrates practical gardening activities with the school’s co-curriculum to enhance knowledge and skills in food and nutrition, agriculture, and entrepreneurship. Quantitative data were collected through a survey on a sample of 214 students in the Jaffna district, where 22 schools had completed the program. Qualitative data were gathered through interviews with 5 groups of teachers, observations, and document analysis. The results revealed significant improvement in environmental attitudes (M=4.0494, SD= 0.7538). Students perceived improvements in their environmental awareness (M=3.9745), positive I. INTRODUCTION In recent years, there has been a growing interest among the curriculum designers and educational researchers on the effectiveness of extracurricular activities for developing social and emotional competencies in school students. Thus, attention is focused on the role of school-based gardening programs as a means of enhancing students' educational experiences and personal development. These programs are increasingly recognized by educators for their potential to foster a range of positive outcomes, including improved attitudes toward environmental sustainability (M=3.9185), and adaptability to environmental changes (M=4.195). The frequency of engagement in gardening activities influenced students’ attitudes, while female students exhibited greater improvements than male students. Qualitative data analysis revealed improvements in a sense of responsibility and achievement, enhanced social skills and teamwork, and increased environmental awareness and stewardship. The frequency and duration of engagement have an influence on motivation. Students are perceived to be more responsible and capable of dealing with environment-related problems through their improved problem-solving skills, goal-setting abilities, and self-awareness. They developed better communication skills, empathy, and teamwork to adapt themselves to the environment. The engagement in gardening resulted in an improved consciousness of sustainability and commitment to environmental stewardship.