http://ir.lib.seu.ac.lk/handle/123456789/2270 2026-04-14T21:22:30Z http://ir.lib.seu.ac.lk/handle/123456789/2643 Title: Diagnosis of cryptographers by microscopy in buffaloes Authors: Jameel, A.B.S.H.; Iddawala, W.M.D.R.; Rajapakse, R.P.V.J. Abstract: Cryptosporidium is a coccidian protozoan parasite which causes considerable morbidity and mortality in young animals and in the immunocompromised host. Diagnosis of Cryptosporidiosis is generally done by means of detection of oocysts in faeces using different faecal concentration techniques and staining techniques. This study was carried out to compare staining techniques: MZN and Giemsa; faecal concentration techniques: MSSF and MSF, to identify the most sensitive faecal concentration and the staining technique to diagnose Cryptosporidial infection in buffalo. Out of twenty faecal samples tested, number of Cryptosporidium oocyst positivity and oocyst recovery rate were high in MZN method compared to Giemsa staining technique. Out of 65 buffalo faecal samples, cryptosporidial oocyst positivity for MSSF and MSF faecal concentration methods were 60% and 50.8 % respectively. However, the Cryptosporidium o ocyst recovery was high with the MSSF method compared to MSF method. This study concluded that MSSF and MSF faecal concentration methods are equally efficient in diagnosing severe cryptosporidial infection with high oocyst counts. Preferably, the diagnosis of mild cryptosporidial infection with low cryptoporidial oocyst counts can be efficiently detected by the MSSF method. The study recommends Giemsa staining for the screening and MZN for the conformation of cryptosporidial infection. 2012-03-28T00:00:00Z http://ir.lib.seu.ac.lk/handle/123456789/2642 Title: Effect of harbour construction on the length weight relationship of pony fish Secutor ruconius (Hamilton-Buchanan) Authors: Santhanam, V.; Sujarajini, V. Abstract: Gathering baseline data on ecology is essential for sustainable development in order to predict and minimize any future negative effects on living organisms. Dredging of harbour causes loss of benthic habitat and Secutor ruconius, (Pug nose pony fish) being a schooling Demerol omnivore is a very likely candidate to reflect any effects of harbour building activities. In this study, therefore, the size and length weight relationship of the beach seine pony fish Secutor ruconius was examined in the Ampara district, in the month of October, 2010, at a site near the Oluvil harbour, prior to commencement of operations and at a relatively undisturbed control site in Maruthamunai, 20 km north of the harbour site. At each site, according to a stratified random sampling method , two boats were sampled in the morning, at about the same time of the day, to examine intra and inter site variations in estimates. From each boat 100-200 individuals of Secutor ruconius were collected for length and weight comparisons. Total length of Secutor ruconius was measured to the nearest 0.1 cm using a foot ruler and weight was measured on an electronic balance to the nearest 0.1 gm. The mean lengths and weights of Secutor ruconius in samples from undisturbed Maruthamunai site did not differ between boats but those of the disturbed Palamunai boat samples were different between themselves. However, the mean length and weight estimates of Secutor ruconius from the disturbed Palamunai site were always higher than those from the undisturbed Maruthamunai site (P<O.OI). Length weight regressions for Secutor ruconius from all study sites showed a positive correlation and an overall significant relationship (P<O.OI). In comparison of regression slopes there was no strong evidence against null hypothesis as P value was always < 0.01. The regressions of both populations had the same slope but differed in the range of size they occupied. Regression slopes were less than 3 (body length increases faster than weight), ranging from 2.48 to 2.81. These values tally with the findings of other researchers. Apart from their food value, examining pony fish populations for impacts of harbour construction is useful because they play an important role in the food chains of commercially exploited fish species (tuna, mackerel, trevally). However, further monitoring may be worthwhile after the commencement of operation of the harbour. This study is only a preliminary exploratory investigation but it provides important base line ecological data which was hitherto non existent. 2012-03-28T00:00:00Z http://ir.lib.seu.ac.lk/handle/123456789/2641 Title: Effects of refrigeration (at 4-80C) on semen quality of goat varieties (Sannan and Jamunapari) during storage conditions at the artificial insemination centre, Thirunelvely (Northern province) Authors: Surekal, P.; Nilani, K.; Eswaramohanl, T.; Mahadhevan, P; Balasubramaniam, K. Abstract: Cryopreserved semen management for artificial insemination is a crucial step towards obtaining acceptable pregnancy rates in cattle breeding. Abeygunawardena et al, (2001) stated that the proportion of calvings from Al was negligible in Eastern Province (EP) and Northern Province (NP) when compared to other regions of Sri Lanka. So far there are no studies regarding the doe factors, semen factors, inseminators and the successful rate of the Al service of goat semen in Jaffna. Thus the objective of the present study is to examine the viability of goat semen and the effects of refrigeration (at 4-80C) for 3 days on the viability of goat chilled semen. In our present studies chilled semen of goat species (Sannan and Jamunapari) were collected by means of artificial vagina and stored at 4-80C. General examination including volume, colour and pH was performed on chilled semen. After dilution, microscopic examination was performed to evaluate the progressive individual motility, sperm morphology and sperm count. Chilled semen of both species was compared by microscopic examination from day 0 to day 3 during storage. Hemocytometer was loaded with 10 HI of semen to evaluate the sperm count. Eosin stain (1%) was used to assess the viable sperm. Hemocytometer and stop watch were used to evaluate the sperm velocity. Repeated measures and analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Dunnett's post test were performed to compare the semen quality of both species. Viability decreased significantly (ANOVA P< 0.05) in a time dependent manner during storage. For Sannan, at O h (control ) (93.02 ± 0.6958%; 22.460 ± 1.1020 um/s), 2411 (86.18 ± 0.6250%; 16.870 ± 0.8278 um/s), 4811 (80.96 ± 0.7471%; 11.190 ± 0.8825 um/s) and at 72 h (76.64 ± 0.5294%; 4.993 ± 0.3624 um/s). For Jamunapari at O h (control) (91.13 ± 0.2605%; 19.060 ± 0.7957 um/s), 24 h (87.74 ± 0.2137%; 14.210 ± 1.1850 um/s), 48 h (81.91 ± 0.2188%; 8.923 ± 0.8795 gm/s) and at 72 h (77.57 ± 0.2440%; 4.347 ± 0.7467 um/s). The viability of both species did not differ significantly among them where as individual progressive motility of semen of Sannan was higher than Jamunapari species. The reason for lowest successful insemination of goat semen may be due to the failure of applying proper estrus detection aids and technical problems, etc. 2012-03-28T00:00:00Z http://ir.lib.seu.ac.lk/handle/123456789/2640 Title: Production and partial purification of protease by actinomycetes sp. Authors: Jeyadharshan, Nandakumar Abstract: Enzymes are biocatalysts obtained from plants, animals and microorganisms. Microbial enzymes are becoming important for its technical and economical advantages. Various kinds of microorganisms in nature degrade different type of proteins indicating the proteolytic capabilities of microorganisms. About 80% of enzymes produced annually are simple hydrolytic enzymes, of which 60% are proteases. Different bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes are the major sources of microbial proteases. Extracellular proteases have high commercial value and multiple application in detergent, food, dairy, pharmaceutical, leather, diagnostic, waste management and silver recovery industries. Here we consider the extra cellular protease which is secreted by Actinomycetes sp. This enzyme is free from most of the toxic agents, and it is considered as a safe/suitable protease for oral medication purposes. This study was aimed at selecting a Actinomycetes strain which yield high protease, a suitable pH and the medium (Plate assay method). High protease production was tested using different SSFs and LSFs. Protease isolation methods, conformation and their application in the medical and industrial fields are discussed 2012-03-28T00:00:00Z